A total of 663 cases have been filed nationwide against ousted Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina over incidents linked to the July mass uprising, according to a study by Transparency International Bangladesh (TIB). Of these, 453 are murder cases.

The findings were revealed on Monday at TIB’s office in Dhanmondi, Dhaka, during the launch of a research report titled “Eighteen Months After the Fall of Authoritarian Rule: Expectations and Reality.” The report reviews the progress, challenges, and limitations of legal cases connected to the July uprising.

TIB’s study notes that 1,785 cases were filed across the country up to 19 November 2025 against individuals accused of killing protesters, ordering violence, or inciting attacks during the uprising. Among these, Sheikh Hasina has been named as an accused in 663 cases. Out of 837 murder cases, 453 include her as an accused.

The report also mentions that Sheikh Hasina has already been sentenced to death in a crimes against humanity case related to the July violence. She is currently believed to be in India, and the International Crimes Tribunal has issued an arrest warrant against her.

So far, charge sheets have been submitted in 106 cases, including 31 murder cases. Authorities have arrested 128 individuals, among them former ministers and members of parliament from the previous Awami League government. TIB observes that the low number of charge sheets compared to total cases highlights slow investigative progress.

The study also highlights cases against law enforcement. 761 cases have been filed against police, naming 1,168 officers as accused, while only 61 have been arrested so far.

According to the report, 450 complaints have been lodged with the International Crimes Tribunal, leading to 45 formal cases. These cases name 209 accused, including Sheikh Hasina, with 84 arrests made. At present, 12 cases involving 105 accused are under trial.

TIB raises concerns that many accused individuals have secretly left the country, allegedly with direct or indirect assistance from members of the military, law enforcement agencies, and local political leaders.

The organisation also warns against indiscriminate case filings and mass accusations following the uprising. Nearly 150,000 people nationwide have been named in such cases, with 21,854 arrests reported.

Additionally, the report states that 4,017 cases have been filed against banned Awami League leaders and activists over alleged criminal activities during the uprising. These cases name 224,813 accused, of whom 75,400 were arrested, while 55 percent later secured bail.

While acknowledging some progress in the judicial process, TIB cautions that weak evidence, procedural flaws, and unclear case narratives may undermine justice. The organisation warns that failure to ensure due process could allow real perpetrators to evade accountability and expose the trials to criticism.