The Gujarat riots of 2002 are regarded as one of the most tragic and controversial events in Indian history. The riots have had a profound impact not only as communal violence in Gujarat, but also on India’s social, political and international relations. This report will discuss in detail the background of the Gujarat riots, the role of Narendra Modi, and its long-term impact.

Background: Godhra train fire

On 27 February 2002, a compartment of the Sabarmati Express train was set on fire at Godhra railway station, killing 59 Hindu pilgrims. Soon after this incident, communal violence spread across Gujarat. In response to the killing of the pilgrims, attacks on Muslims began in various parts of the state of Gujarat.

Incidence and prevalence of riots

About 1,000 to 2,000 people, mostly Muslims, died during the riots. Thousands of people were left homeless and their properties were destroyed. Women are particularly victims of violence, many are raped. During this time many villages and towns were attacked, which went beyond the control of the police and administration.

Narendra Modi was then the Chief Minister of Gujarat and the administration’s role during the riots was widely debated. According to critics, Modi’s government failed to take effective steps to control the riots and in many cases the police and administration did not act impartially. There are even allegations that some sections of the police helped the rioters. Modi and his administration have been accused of complicity in planning or sanctioning the riots.

Investigation and trial process

Immediately after the riots, various inquiry committees were formed. The Supreme Court of India constituted a Special Investigation Team (SIT) to probe the riots. The SIT report in 2012 stated that Modi did not conspire or have any direct role in the riots. However, the report continues to be debated, as victims and various human rights organizations disagree with the decision.

Political and social influence

The Gujarat riots turned Modi’s political career upside down. The BJP (Bharatiya Janata Party) led by Modi won the elections in Gujarat and Modi was re-elected as Chief Minister. Although a section of the country has a hostile attitude towards Modi and the BJP, his supporters continue to cite Modi as a strong leader who is seen as a symbol of India’s nationalist sentiment.

International response

Modi’s role during and after the Gujarat riots was heavily criticized in international circles. The US and some European countries imposed visa bans against Modi. Human rights organizations in particular expressed concern about the government’s role in the riots.

Long-term effects of riots

It had a profound impact on the Muslim community after the Gujarat riots. Many people have yet to return to their homes, and sectarian divisions are still evident in many areas. Besides, the events during the riots and Modi’s role have left a lasting impression on Indian politics. The BJP rose under Modi’s leadership, and later Modi was elected as the Prime Minister of India in 2014.

The Gujarat riots of 2002 are a highly sensitive and hotly debated chapter in Indian history. The debate over the role of Narendra Modi and his administration continues. Although the SIT and other investigative committees have declared Modi innocent, there are still differences of opinion among human rights organizations and critics. The events of the riots leave a deep question mark on the secularism and human rights situation not only in Gujarat, but India as a wriots

Modi and his government have been criticized, saying that the violence could have been avoided if they had performed their duties properly. Human rights organizations and the international community have also questioned Modi’s role. Especially the US and some European countries banned Modi’s visa. However, this ban was later lifted after Modi became Prime Minister.