Catnip is often seen as a toy or a source of entertainment for felines, but veterinarians say there is real science behind its effect. The plant, which belongs to the mint family, produces a natural compound called nepetalactone. According to research published in Science Advances, this compound triggers specific receptors in a cat’s brain, causing a quick burst in neural activity. That sudden change often leads to a dramatic shift in behavior.

Some cats roll around in excitement, some become extremely energetic, while others grow surprisingly calm. The effect usually lasts anywhere from 1 to 15 minutes before the cat returns to normal.

Do all cats react the same way?

This is where catnip becomes fascinating. Not all cats respond to it. The sensitivity to catnip is partly genetic—about 60–70% of cats show a noticeable reaction, while the rest simply sniff it and walk away. So if your pet rubs its face on the leaves, rolls over, or jumps around happily, it likely belongs to the “lucky group” that enjoys the plant.

Which part of the plant attracts cats?

It’s not just the leaves—catnip’s roots and flowers also contain fragrant essential oils. Rubbing, rolling, nibbling, or lying on the plant are all typical feline behaviors. For cats, the sensation is somewhat similar to how humans feel after having something invigorating like coffee or chocolate.

Is catnip safe for cats?

Pet owners don’t need to worry. Catnip is considered safe and non-toxic for cats. In fact, it can help reduce stress, boredom, and anxiety. Many lonely or inactive cats become more cheerful and engaged after interacting with catnip. However, moderation is key—too much exposure may make some cats a bit sluggish afterward. Offering it a few times a week is generally enough.

Why keep this plant on your balcony?

Catnip adds a fresh green touch to your balcony while also acting as a natural playmate for your cat. It grows easily, doesn’t require special care, and fits well into a home environment. For pet owners who want both beauty and enrichment, catnip is an excellent choice.